QUESTION 1
“Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive.” According to the scientific method, this statement is most likely a(n) ________.
conclusion
result
hypothesis
fact
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QUESTION 2
“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts” is a statement associated with the perspective of ________.
introspection
functionalism
psychoanalysis
Gestalt psychologists
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QUESTION 3
A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called a ________.
representative sample
case study
single-blind study
naturalistic observation
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QUESTION 4
A group of randomly selected subjects for a study that matches the population on important characteristics such as age and sex is called ________.
volunteer bias
a representative sample
an experimental group
a control group
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QUESTION 5
According to Freud, unconscious urges:
are able to be suppressed.
only pertain to sex.
attempt to surface and affect our behaviors.
have no impact on everyday life.
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QUESTION 6
At the close of the nineteenth century, Gerhard is excited to find that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt. It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to ________.
analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements
determine the function or purpose of a particular human behavior
listen intently while individuals tell him of their depression or nervousness
carefully feel the bumps on a person’s head in order to determine his or her character traits
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QUESTION 7
Dr. Braunz has been treating a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. She decides to write a prescription for Ritalin. Given this information, it is most likely that Dr. Braunz is a ________.
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
humanistic psychologist
school psychologist
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QUESTION 8
Freud said phobias were ________ whereas Watson said phobias were ________.
learned; inherited
repressed conflicts; learned
sexual; unconscious
conditioned; unconditioned
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QUESTION 9
Objective introspection requires:
metaphysical experiences.
self-skepticism about experiences.
empiricism.
reflection on the self.
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QUESTION 10
The belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on one’s behavior is part of what early field of psychology?
structuralism
functionalism
psychoanalysis
behaviorism
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QUESTION 11
The goals of psychology are to ________.
explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind
understand, compare, and analyze human behavior
improve psychological well-being in all individuals from birth until death
describe, explain, predict, and control behavior
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QUESTION 12
The tendency to look for information that supports one’s own belief is called ________.
the principle of falsifiability
confirmation bias
criterion validity
volunteer bias
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QUESTION 13
The word correlation is often used as a synonym for ________.
validity
reliability
variable
relationship
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QUESTION 14
Unintended changes in participants’ behavior due to cues inadvertently given by the experimenter are called ________.
replications
experimenter effects
volunteer biases
single-blind studies
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QUESTION 15
What advice might John B. Watson have offered to psychologists of his time?
“Focus on observable behavior.”
“Life is an effort to overcome inferiority.”
“We cannot know others until we know ourselves.”
“Remember that what we accomplish is due to the composition of our genes.”
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QUESTION 16
Which of the following is a common ethical guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association?
Participants may not withdraw once they start.
Participants cannot be deceived about aspects of the research.
Participants cannot be subjected to any physically or emotionally painful stimuli.
Deception must be justified.
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QUESTION 17
Which of the following is a common ethical guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association?
Participants may not withdraw once they start.
Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision.
Participants cannot be subjected to shock of any kind.
Participants cannot be deceived about aspects of the research.
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QUESTION 18
Which of the following situations best illustrates the placebo effect?
You sleep because you are tired.
You throw up after eating bad meat.
You have surgery to repair a defective heart valve.
You drink a nonalcoholic drink and become “intoxicated” because you think it contains alcohol.
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QUESTION 19
Which of the following statements is true about naturalistic observation?
It recreates natural conditions in the laboratory as closely as possible to make an experiment more valid.
It involves observing behavior in its natural context.
It is basically the same process as objective introspection.
It involves observing behavior in the lab without taking formal notes or using technological equipment to measure the experimental findings.
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QUESTION 20
Which of these is the most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology?
the scientific study of behavior
the scientific study of mental processes
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes
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QUESTION 21
Which treatment approach did Sigmund Freud develop for treating his patients?
drug therapy
neuropsychology
clinical psychology
psychoanalysis
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QUESTION 22
Which type of psychologist would be most likely to argue that a criminal engages in unlawful behavior because he grew up around older boys who engaged in criminal activities?
Gestaltist
behavioralist
psychodynamic
functionalist
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QUESTION 23
Who was an early proponent of functionalism?
Ivan Pavlov
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
Max Wertheimer
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QUESTION 24
You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses terms such as free will and self-actualization. Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the points the psychologist presented?
behaviorism
humanism
functionalism
psychodynamics
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QUESTION 25
________ is an experiment in which participants do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group, but the experimenters do know which participants are part of which group.
The double-blind study
Field research
The single-blind study
Correlational research
